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The 16th century was not exactly known for equality between women and men. Women were denied access to education such as art academies. Nevertheless, the 16th century produced some exceptional female artists.
One of them was Lavinia Fontana, who was born in Bologna in 1552. Her father, Prospero Fontana, was a portrait painter and began to train her at an early age. Bologna was the city of the powerful Bolognese University and although she was not allowed to enter the lecture halls, Lavinia maintained close contact with scholars and scientists. They visited her father and some of them had their portraits taken by Lavinia, became her friends and influenced her art.
Pretty and learned, Lavinia was popular among the Bolognese upper class and found easy access to her models, with whom she maintained an unusually close relationship. It was soon considered chic, especially among the aristocratic ladies, to have her paint her portrait. Her empathy and exceptional eye for details, such as jewellery, were of great benefit to her. She received more commissions than any other painter in Bologna and was highly remunerated. But to take over her father's studio as a respected woman she needed a husband. So in 1577 she married the artist Gian Paolo Zappi who signed a somewhat unusual marriage contract for this occasion. In this contract it was written, for example, that Paolo Zappi would live with Lavinia in the house of his father-in-law, Prospero Fontana, and that the profits the couple would make with their art would go to his father-in-law. Lavinia's marriage turned out to be unusual also in the distribution of roles, so her husband gave up his own career as an artist and from then on supported his wife by selling her paintings, negotiating contracts for her but also taking over the household. A, at that time, completely new concept, which enabled Lavinia to concentrate fully on her art and still have eleven children. Besides portraits, which were considered acceptable for women at that time, she also painted religious motifs and, in her later life, large-format altarpieces. She was also the first woman to venture into nude painting, in works intended for the bedrooms of private clients.
In 1603, after the death of their father, the power couple Lavinia and Gian moved with their family to Rome and the well-rehearsed team was very successful here too. Lavinia received major public commissions, such as altarpieces for Pope Clement VII, and at the height of her career she was elected to the Academy of Rome, an honour bestowed on only the best painters of the time. Lavinia Fontana, lady of the world, elevenfold mother and famous artist died in Rome in 1613.
The 16th century was not exactly known for equality between women and men. Women were denied access to education such as art academies. Nevertheless, the 16th century produced some exceptional female artists.
One of them was Lavinia Fontana, who was born in Bologna in 1552. Her father, Prospero Fontana, was a portrait painter and began to train her at an early age. Bologna was the city of the powerful Bolognese University and although she was not allowed to enter the lecture halls, Lavinia maintained close contact with scholars and scientists. They visited her father and some of them had their portraits taken by Lavinia, became her friends and influenced her art.
Pretty and learned, Lavinia was popular among the Bolognese upper class and found easy access to her models, with whom she maintained an unusually close relationship. It was soon considered chic, especially among the aristocratic ladies, to have her paint her portrait. Her empathy and exceptional eye for details, such as jewellery, were of great benefit to her. She received more commissions than any other painter in Bologna and was highly remunerated. But to take over her father's studio as a respected woman she needed a husband. So in 1577 she married the artist Gian Paolo Zappi who signed a somewhat unusual marriage contract for this occasion. In this contract it was written, for example, that Paolo Zappi would live with Lavinia in the house of his father-in-law, Prospero Fontana, and that the profits the couple would make with their art would go to his father-in-law. Lavinia's marriage turned out to be unusual also in the distribution of roles, so her husband gave up his own career as an artist and from then on supported his wife by selling her paintings, negotiating contracts for her but also taking over the household. A, at that time, completely new concept, which enabled Lavinia to concentrate fully on her art and still have eleven children. Besides portraits, which were considered acceptable for women at that time, she also painted religious motifs and, in her later life, large-format altarpieces. She was also the first woman to venture into nude painting, in works intended for the bedrooms of private clients.
In 1603, after the death of their father, the power couple Lavinia and Gian moved with their family to Rome and the well-rehearsed team was very successful here too. Lavinia received major public commissions, such as altarpieces for Pope Clement VII, and at the height of her career she was elected to the Academy of Rome, an honour bestowed on only the best painters of the time. Lavinia Fontana, lady of the world, elevenfold mother and famous artist died in Rome in 1613.
.jpg "St Bernard")
 - (MeisterDrucke-115522).jpg "Kilchurn Castle, Argyllshire by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-409503).jpg "View of the Clyde above Erskine Ferry by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "Interior of the Cathedral, Messina, 1839 by William Leighton Leitch")
 c1840 - (MeisterDrucke-147497).jpg "The Cathedral at Palermo, Sicily, engraved by John Le Keux c.1840 by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "The Bass Rock, East Lothian, 1870 by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1108932).jpg "Edinburgh from the Mound by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "Scots Pine by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1102434).jpg "Mr. Muir")
.jpg "Helensburgh, Scotland by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "The Bars from Tantallon, Scotland by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "Paestum by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "Inverness by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "Dunfermline by William Leighton Leitch")
.jpg "On the Thames by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-955305).jpg "Ruins of the Theatre at Taormina, and Mount Aetna by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-955305).jpg)
.jpg "Villa of Lucullus at Misenum in the Bay of Naples by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1033218).jpg "Duomo of Syracuse, Formerly a Temple of Minerva by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1033218).jpg)
.jpg "Naples by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-976446).jpg "The Elysian Fields, from Cape Miseno, Italy by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-976446).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-409503).jpg)
 - (MeisterDrucke-91854).jpg "Santa Maria della Salute from the Grand Canal, Venice by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "The giants stairs, Ducal Palace, Venice by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Pozzuolo, the Ancient Puteoli, the Landing Place of St Paul by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1013244).jpg "The Giants")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1013244).jpg)
.jpg "Strada di Aquila by William Leighton Leitch")
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 from The Imperial Bible Dictionary published by Blackie Son c1880s - (MeisterDrucke-58408).jpg "Pozzuoli, the Ancient town of Puteoli, engraved by William Richardson from")
 from The Imperial Bible Dictionary published by Blackie Son c1880s - (MeisterDrucke-58408).jpg)
.jpg "The War in Italy by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "The City of Cologne, engraved by M.J. Sterling by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Landscape, Italy by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-993345).jpg "Piazza Del Duomo, Messina by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-993345).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-955306).jpg "Capuchin Convent at Amalfi by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-955306).jpg)
.jpg "View of the Isola Bella, on the Lago Maggiore, Italy by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Tarsus, Turkey by William Leighton Leitch")
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 c1840 - (MeisterDrucke-147497).jpg)
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1013243).jpg "Castro Giovanni, the Ancient Enna by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "New Canal and Town of Santa Maura, One of the Ionian Islands by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Morning, View in the Highlands of Braemar, in the Winter Exhibition of the Institute of Painters in Water Colours by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-976444).jpg "The Town and Convent of Piazza by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-976444).jpg)
.jpg "Landscape, Italy by William Leighton Leitch")
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_at_Palermo_(engraving)_-_(MeisterDrucke-955329).jpg "The Cathedral (Madre Chiesa) at Palermo by William Leighton Leitch")
_at_Palermo_(engraving)_-_(MeisterDrucke-955329).jpg)
.jpg "Town Hall, Cologne by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "View near Ournelo Contrada di Sora, Kingdom of Naples by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-976442).jpg "The Cloisters of San Domenico, Palermo by William Leighton Leitch")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-976442).jpg)
.jpg "Warlock Knowe by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-976361).jpg "Grecian Temple at Segesta by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "A Parkland View at Dusk by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Mayence Cathedral, Rhine by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Scene in the Highlands, 19th century by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1031065).jpg "Lord Byron")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1031065).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1030740).jpg "Lord Byron")
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1030740).jpg)
_-_(MeisterDrucke-1108947).jpg "Sicilian Harbour Scene by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "The Villa Fountain by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Genoa by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "A Ruined Castle on a Lake by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "On the Clyde near Bowling by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Unknown Image by William Leighton Leitch")
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_-_(MeisterDrucke-1102434).jpg)
.jpg "Lessons in Landscape Painting with Colour Scheme Indicated by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "The Roman Campagna by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Fountain at Carnelo by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Town Bridge and Portal by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Cattle in a Landscape by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Hanley Castle by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Pesto by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Pesto by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "Pesto by William Leighton Leitch")
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.jpg "On the Thames by William Leighton Leitch")
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